Debt Collection Videos

View the videos on the pages above to learn more on a particular topic.

Most Common Problems

Are debt collectors calling you before 8 a.m. or after 9 p.m. or calling you at work without your permission?
Are debt collectors contacting third parties and giving them information about your debt or contacting them more than once?
Are debt collectors cursing at you or threatening you with arrest?
Are debt collectors threatening to garnish your social security payments or veterans benefits?

Know Your Rights

If you’re behind in paying your bills or a creditor’s records mistakenly make it appear that you are, a debt collector may be contacting you.

The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) prohibits debt collectors from using abusive, unfair, or deceptive practices to collect from you. Under the FDCPA, a debt collector is someone who regularly collects debts owed to others. This includes collection agencies, lawyers who collect debts on a regular basis, and companies that buy delinquent debts and then try to collect them.

Here are some questions and answers about your rights under the FDCPA.

What types of debts are covered?

The FDCPA covers personal, family, and household debts, including money you owe on a personal credit card account, an auto loan, a medical bill, and your mortgage. The FDCPA doesn’t cover debts you incurred to run a business.

Can a debt collector contact me any time or any place?

No. A debt collector may not contact you at inconvenient times or places, such as before 8 a.m. or after 9 p.m., unless you agree to it. And collectors may not contact you at work if they’re told (orally or in writing) that you’re not allowed to get calls there.

How can I stop a debt collector from contacting me?

If a collector contacts you about a debt and you don’t want the collector to contact you again, tell the collector—in writing—to stop contacting you. Here’s how to do that:

Make a copy of your letter. Send the original by certified mail and pay for a “return receipt” so you’ll be able to document what the collector received. Sending this letter to a debt collector does not get rid of the debt (if it’s actually owed) but it should stop the contact. Once the collector receives your letter, he/she may not contact you again, with two exceptions: a collector can contact you to tell you that there will be no further contact or to let you know that he/she or the creditor intends to take a specific action, like filing a lawsuit.

Can a debt collector contact anyone else about my debt?

If an attorney is representing you about the debt, the debt collector must contact the attorney, rather than you. If you don’t have an attorney, a collector may contact other people—but only to find out your home address, your home phone number, and where you work. Collectors usually are prohibited from contacting third parties more than once. Other than to obtain this location information about you, a debt collector generally is not permitted to discuss your debt with anyone other than you, your spouse, or your attorney.

What does the debt collector have to tell me about the debt?

Every collector must send you a written “validation notice” telling you how much money you owe within five days after first contacting you. This notice also must include the name of the creditor to whom you owe the money and how to proceed if you don’t think you owe the money.

Can a debt collector keep contacting me if I don’t think I owe any money?

If you send the debt collector a letter stating that you don’t owe any or all of the money, or asking for verification of the debt, that collector must stop contacting you. You have to send that letter within 30 days after you receive the validation notice. But a collector can begin contacting you again if he/she sends you written verification of the debt, like a copy of a bill for the amount you owe.

What practices are off limits for debt collectors?

Harassment: Debt collectors may not harass, oppress, or abuse you or any third parties they contact. For example, they may not do the following:

use threats of violence or harm
publish a list of names of people who refuse to pay their debts (but they can give this information to the credit reporting companies)
use obscene or profane language
repeatedly use the phone to annoy someone

False statements: Debt collectors may not lie when they are trying to collect a debt. For example, they may not do the following:

falsely claim that they are attorneys or government representatives
falsely claim that you have committed a crime
falsely represent that they operate or work for a credit reporting company
misrepresent the amount you owe;
indicate that papers they send you are legal forms if they are not legal forms
indicate that papers they send to you are not legal forms if they are legal forms

Debt collectors also are prohibited from saying that the following:

you will be arrested if you don’t pay your debt
they’ll seize, garnish, attach, or sell your property or wages unless they are permitted by law to take the action and intend to do so
legal action will be taken against you, if doing so would be illegal or if they don’t intend to take the action

Debt collectors may not do the following:

give false credit information about you to anyone, including a credit reporting company
send you anything that looks like an official document from a court or government agency if it isn’t
use a false company name

Unfair practices: Debt collectors may not engage in unfair practices when they try to collect a debt. For example, they may not do the following:

try to collect any interest, fee, or other charge on top of the amount you owe unless the contract that created your debt—or your state law—allows the charge
deposit a post-dated check early
take or threaten to take your property unless it can be done legally
contact you by postcard

Can I control which debts my payments apply to?

Yes. If a debt collector is trying to collect more than one debt from you, the collector must apply any payment you make to the debt you select. Equally important, a debt collector may not apply a payment to a debt you don’t think you owe.

Can a debt collector garnish my bank account or my wages?

If you don’t pay a debt, a creditor or its debt collector generally can sue you to collect. If they go to court and win, the court will enter a judgment against you. The judgment states the amount of money you owe and allows the creditor or collector to get a garnishment order against you, directing a third party, like your bank, to turn over funds from your account to pay the debt.

Wage garnishment happens when your employer withholds part of your compensation to pay your debts. Your wages usually can be garnished only as the result of a court order. Don’t ignore a lawsuit summons. If you do, you lose the opportunity to fight a wage garnishment.

Can federal benefits be garnished?

Many federal benefits are exempt from garnishment (meaning they cannot be taken by the debt collector). The federal benefits that are protected include the following:

Social Security Benefits
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Benefits
Veterans’ Benefits
Civil Service and Federal Retirement and Disability Benefits
Service Members’ Pay
Military Annuities and Survivors’ Benefits
Student Assistance
Railroad Retirement Benefits
Merchant Seamen Wages
Longshoremen’s and Harbor Workers’ Death and Disability Benefits
Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Benefits
Compensation for Injury, Death, or Detention of Employees of US Contractors outside the US
Federal Emergency Management Agency Federal Disaster Assistance

Please note that federal benefits may be garnished under certain circumstances, including paying delinquent taxes, alimony, child support, or student loans.

Where do I report a debt collector for an alleged violation?

Report any problems you have with a debt collector to your state Attorney General’s office (link is external) and the Federal Trade Commission (link is external) and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (link is external). Many states have their own debt collection laws that are different from the federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act. Your Attorney General’s office can help you determine your rights under your state’s law.

What should I do if a debt collector sues me?

You should respond. Get a lawyer and go to court. If you do not go to court, a judgment is likely to be made against you.

Contacting an Attorney

If you are being sued: If a debt collector files a lawsuit against you to collect a debt, respond to the lawsuit, either personally or through a lawyer, by the date specified in the court papers to preserve your rights.

If your rights were not upheld and you want to sue a debt collector: You have the right to sue a collector in a state or federal court within one year from the date the law was violated. If you win, the judge can require the collector to pay you for any damages you can prove you suffered because of the illegal collection practices, like lost wages and medical bills. The judge can require the debt collector to pay you up to $1,000, even if you can’t prove that you suffered actual damages. You also can be reimbursed for your attorney’s fees and court costs.

A group of people also may sue a debt collector as part of a class action lawsuit and recover money for damages up to $500,000, or one percent of the collector’s net worth, whichever amount is lower.

Even if a debt collector violates the FDCPA in trying to collect a debt, the debt does not go away if you owe it.

Courtesy of National Association of Consumer Advocates